Traction elevators are lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor above the elevator shaft. They are used for mid and high-rise applications and have much higher travel speeds than hydraulic elevators. A counter weight makes the elevators more efficient by offsetting the weight of the car and occupants so that the motor doesn't have to move as much weight.
Geared Traction Elevators have a gearbox that is attached to the motor, which drives the wheel that moves the ropes. Geared traction elevators are capable of travel speeds up to 2mps. The maximum travel distance for a geared traction elevator is around 75 m.
Gear-less Traction Elevators have the wheel attached directly to the motor. Gear-less traction elevators are capable of speeds up to 20 mps and they have a maximum travel distance of around 500 m so they are the only choice for high-rise applications.
Geared traction elevators are middle of the road in terms of initial cost, ongoing maintenance costs, and energy consumption. Gear-less traction elevators have a high initial cost, medium ongoing maintenance costs, and use energy a bit more efficiently than geared traction elevators.
It is important that traction elevator ropes and sheaves are checked for wear on a regular basis. As they wear, the traction between the sheave and the cables is reduced and slippage becomes more regular, which reduces the efficiency and can become dangerous if left unchecked.
Traction elevators have height restrictions that are governed by the length and weight of the cables or ropes. New materials that are stronger and lighter, such as carbon fibre, will allow traction elevators to achieve new heights.
Machine-Room-Less Elevators are traction elevators that do not have a dedicated machine room above the elevator shaft. The machine sits in the override space and is accessed from the top of the elevator cab when maintenance or repairs are required. The control boxes are located in a control room that is adjacent to the elevator shaft on the highest landing and within around 150 feet of the machine.
Machine-room-less elevators have a maximum travel distance of up to 165 m and can travel at speeds up to 3mps. MRL elevators are comparable to geared traction elevators in terms of initial and maintenance costs, but they have relatively low energy consumption compared to geared elevators.
Machine-room-less elevators are becoming the most popular choice for mid-rise buildings. They are energy efficient, require less space, and their operation and reliability are on par with gear-less traction elevators.
Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the piston. The elevator descends as a valve releases the fluid from the piston. They are used for low-rise applications of 4 stories and travel at a maximum speed of 1 m per minute. The machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level adjacent to the elevator shaft.
Conventional Hydraulic Elevators have a sheave that extends below the floor of the elevator pit, which accepts the retracting piston as the elevator descends. Some configurations have a telescoping piston that collapses and requires a shallower hole below the pit. Max travel distance is approximately 15 m.
Hole-less Hydraulic Elevators consists of pistons mounted inside the hoistway to raise and lower the car. This is especially a solution for buildings built in bedrock, a high water table or unstable soil conditions locations that can make digging the hole required for a conventional hydraulic elevator impractical. Holeless hydraulic systems use a direct-acting piston to raise the car.
Roped Hydraulic Elevators extends the rise of the holeless elevator to 18 meters, without the need for a belowground cylinder. Roped hydraulic elevator systems have the piston attached to a sheave which has a rope passing through it. One end is attached to the car while the other is secured at the bottom of the hoistway.
Hydraulic elevators have a low initial cost. Their ongoing maintenance costs are lower compared to the other type of elevators. However, hydraulic elevators use more energy than other types of elevators because the electric motor works against gravity as it forces hydraulic fluid into the piston, but it is also notable that the power is used in one direction only, doing which the electrical power consumption is reduced to 50% of its uses.
Hydraulic elevators are proposed at selected projects for low & midrise buildings. Regular maintenance is required for this fluid operation. The Hydraulic elevators do not fall into the Green energy category, hence not recommended for green building projects.
EROS ELEVATORS, the pioneer of the Indian Elevator Industry was established in 1947, head quartered in Mumbai and with branches in Pune, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, Nashik, Vapi, Daman & Hyderabad.
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